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How Was The Most Decorated Australian Soldier During Ww2?

Written By Wednesday, June 15, 2022 Add Comment Edit

Recipient of the Victoria Cross

Henry William Murray
A head and shoulders portrait of a moustachioed man in military uniform. He is wearing a slouch hat, and has his arms crossed half-facing the camera.

Major Harry Murray, November 1917
Nickname(south) "Mad Harry"[i]
Born 1 December 1880
Evandale, Tasmania
Died vii January 1966(1966-01-07) (aged 85)
Miles, Queensland
Allegiance Australia
Service/branch Australian Army
Years of service 1902–1908
1914–1920
1939–1944
Rank Lieutenant Colonel
Commands held 23rd Queensland Regiment (1942–1944)
26th Battalion (1939–1942)
fourth Car Gun Battalion (1918–1919)
Battles/wars First World War
  • Gallipoli Campaign
  • Western Forepart
  • Boxing of the Somme
  • Battle of Mouquet Farm
  • Battle of Passchendaele
  • Battle of Hamel
  • Boxing of Amiens
  • Battle of St Quentin Canal
2nd Globe War
Awards Victoria Cross
Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George
Distinguished Service Order & Bar
Distinguished Comport Medal
Mentioned in Despatches (4)
Croix de guerre (France)
Other work Farmer

Henry William "Harry" Murray, VC, CMG, DSO & Bar, DCM (1 December 1880 – 7 January 1966) was an Australian grazier, soldier, and a recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest decoration for gallantry "in the confront of the enemy" that tin can be awarded to members of the British and Commonwealth military. Busy several times throughout his service in the First World War, Murray rose from the rank of private to lieutenant colonel in iii and a half years. He is often described as the nearly highly busy infantry soldier of the British Empire during the First World War.[2]

Born in Tasmania, Murray worked equally a farmer, courier and timber cutter before enlisting in September 1914. Assigned to a auto gun crew, he served during the Gallipoli Campaign, where he was awarded the Distinguished Conduct Medal before the withdrawal from the peninsula. He was later transferred forth with the balance of his battalion to France for service on the Western Front, where he was awarded the Distinguished Service Order during the Battle of the Somme. In February 1917, Murray commanded a visitor during the battalion's set on on the High german position of Stormy Trench. During the engagement, the company was able to capture the position and repulse three violent counter-attacks, with Murray often leading bayonet and bombing charges himself. For his actions during the battle, Murray was awarded the Victoria Cross. Soon afterward his Victoria Cross action, he was promoted to major and earned a Bar to his Distinguished Service Gild during an attack on the Hindenburg Line virtually Bullecourt. Promoted to lieutenant colonel in early 1918, he assumed control of the fourth Automobile Gun Battalion, where he would remain until the end of the state of war.

Returning to Australia in 1920, Murray somewhen settled in Queensland, where he purchased the grazing farm that would be his home for the residual of his life. Re-enlisting for service in the Second World War, he was appointed as commanding officeholder of the 26th (Militia) Battalion. Taking his discharge in 1944, Murray returned to his farm and died in 1966 at the age of 85.

Early life [edit]

Murray was born at Clairville, near Evandale, Tasmania, on 1 December 1880,[Note 1] the eighth of nine children of Edward Kennedy Murray, a farmer, and his wife Clarissa, née Littler. Descended from convicts on his begetter's side, Murray was baptised on 23 Nov 1885, and attended Evandale State School. When he was fourteen years of age, his parents withdrew him from schoolhouse to work on the family subcontract. However, his mother connected his education, placing emphasis on English.[3] The family later moved to Northcote, near St Leonards, where Edward Murray died in 1904.[iv] Harry Murray joined the Launceston Volunteer Artillery Corps in 1902, serving until 1908, when he migrated to Western Australia where his two older brothers had previously settled.[v]

Murray initially worked on his blood brother's wheat subcontract, earlier becoming a courier for a mining company at Kookynie, transporting gold and mail past wheel or on horseback. He travelled the same rails on a fortnightly basis, gaining a reputation for existence a crack shot with a .32 carbine that he carried.[6] At the time of his enlistment in 1914, Murray was working most Manjimup, in the southward westward of Western Australia, employing timber cutters for the railways.[7]

First World War [edit]

Enlistment and training [edit]

Murray enlisted in the Australian Imperial Strength (AIF) in Perth on 30 September 1914. He declined the offering of a commission,[8] and was posted as a private to A Visitor of the newly formed 16th Battalion, 4th Brigade.[9] Appointed to one of the unit'southward two car gun crews, he was sent to Blackboy Hill Campsite for training, where he became the gun No. 2, whose job it was to feed ammunition belts through the gun; Percy Black was No. i and the pair soon became firm friends.[ten]

On 21 November, the battalion entrained for Fremantle, boarding troopships headed for Melbourne; it was at that place that the iv battalions combined to grade the quaternary Brigade under the command of Colonel John Monash.[11] Later on completing their basic training in Victoria, the brigade left Port Melbourne aboard Troopship A40, Ceramic on 26 December. After a brief terminate at Albany, Western Commonwealth of australia, they arrived in Egypt in early February 1915. The brigade marched from Alexandria to Heliopolis as part of the New Zealand and Australian Division of Major General Alexander Godley.[12]

Gallipoli [edit]

The Allied commanders planned to defeat Turkey and force a supply route through to Russia via the Bosporus and the Black Sea. Every bit such they planned a land invasion on the Gallipoli Peninsula. On the afternoon of 25 Apr 1915, Murray'due south 16th Battalion landed at Ari Burnu, Gallipoli.[13] Setting their auto gun on Pope'southward Loma, Blackness and Murray fired their gun throughout the afternoon and into the night.[fourteen] The following day, the battalion'south ii auto gun crews sniped at the Turkish soldiers on Russell's Height, and Murray and his gunner continued fighting during the counterattack on 26–27 Apr, despite beingness wounded.[fifteen]

A man in military uniform sitting down in a trench. On both sides are walls of dirt, with sandbags on top.

Promoted to lance corporal on 12 May,[15] Murray was evacuated to Arab republic of egypt eighteen days later, due to a gunshot wound to his correct articulatio genus. His knee soon stiffened and he was posted to a hospital ship set to render to Australia. Murray, however, had other ideas and made his way to the wharf at Alexandria where he boarded a transport spring for Gallipoli.[sixteen] Arriving at the peninsula on 3 July, both Murray and Black received the Distinguished Conduct Medal for their actions between 9–31 May,[17] during which fourth dimension they tirelessly manned their automobile gun, "inflict[ing] serious losses upon the enemy".[18] Murray was again wounded on 8 August when the machine gun section of the 4th Brigade covered the withdrawal later the attack on Hill 971. On 13 August, he was promoted to sergeant, deputed as a second lieutenant and transferred to the 13th Battalion.[15]

Murray was again evacuated to Egypt on 26 September due to dysentery. Afterward nearly 6 weeks in the 2nd Australian General Hospital at Ghezireh, he rejoined the 13th Battalion at Gallipoli on 7 December, before leaving for the last time in the Centrolineal evacuation later that month.[xix]

Returning to Egypt, the AIF expanded and was reorganised; the 13th Battalion was divide and provided experienced soldiers for the 45th Battalion, while the quaternary Brigade was combined with the twelfth and 13th Brigades to class the 4th Australian Division.[twenty] Murray was promoted to lieutenant on twenty Jan 1916, so to captain on 1 March.[xv]

Western Front end: June 1916 to April 1917 [edit]

On 1 June 1916, the 13th Battalion embarked at Alexandria for Marseilles, France, before beingness deployed to the Western Front. In mid-June, the battalion moved into trenches at Bois Grenier about Armentières, and on xiii July they relocated to Bailleul, in fourth dimension for the Battle of the Somme.[21]

On 29 August, Murray commanded A Company—which consisted of fewer than one hundred men—in a successful set on that captured Mouquet Farm under heavy fire. His men repelled iv German language counterattacks before he ordered them to withdraw. He remained in control until the next morning, when he fainted from loss of claret from two wounds he had sustained during the activity.[22] Murray was awarded the Distinguished Service Order for his service during the action, an event that was published in a supplement of the London Gazette dated fourteen Nov 1916.[23] He was subsequently evacuated to England aboard the hospital ship Asturias, and admitted to the 4th General Hospital, London, where he was to share a ward with Albert Jacka and Percy Black, who were recovering from wounds received at Poziéres and Mouquet Farm respectively.[24] [25] Later on nearly six weeks of recuperation, he returned to the 13th Battalion in French republic on 19 October.[26]

Following a flow of patrols and trench raids, the 13th was relieved by the 5th Battalion on 6 December, and marched back to Ribemont, where Murray was granted leave to England. On 4 January 1917, he was Mentioned in Despatches.[27] The battalion returned to the front in Feb, relieving the 15th Battalion at Gueudecourt. On iv February, the battalion'southward commanding officer received the order to attack Stormy Trench; information technology was during this activeness that Murray would earn his Victoria Cross.[28]

On the dark of four–five February 1917, the 13th Battalion—with Murray commanding A Company—attacked the German language position at Stormy Trench. Preceded by a heavy artillery barrage,[29] A Company seized the correct of the position subsequently overcoming stiff resistance,[thirty] consolidating their gains by setting upward a makeshift barricade.[15] The Germans counterattacked, prompting Murray to send an SOS point to the artillery officeholder, calling for more than support. Although repulsed, the Germans counterattacked twice more than. On the tertiary attack, Murray organised a xx-homo grenade bombing party and led them in a charge against their attackers, pushing them back to their original start line.[29] On another occasion when the company lost some ground, Murray rallied his men and retook information technology. Betwixt midnight and 03:00, the visitor maintained spasmodic bombing, repelling farther assaults with the aid of artillery support. Past twenty:00 on five Feb, the 16th Battalion relieved Murray'south company, which had only 48 survivors from the 140 who had begun the attack.[xxx]

The full citation for Murray'southward Victoria Cross appeared in a supplement to the London Gazette on 10 March 1917, reading:[31]

War Office, 10th March, 1917

His Majesty the KING has been graciously pleased to corroborate of the award of the Victoria Cross to the undermentioned Officer and Not-Commissioned Officeholder: –

Capt. Henry William Murray, D.Southward.O., Aus. infy.

For most conspicuous bravery when in command of the right flank company in assail. He led his visitor to the assault with not bad skill and courage, and the position was quickly captured. Fighting of a very astringent nature followed, and 3 heavy counter-attacks were beaten back, these successes being due to Captain Murray'south wonderful piece of work.

Throughout the night his company suffered heavy casualties through concentrated enemy shell burn, and on one occasion gave basis for a curt way. This gallant officer rallied his control and saved the situation by sheer valour.

He made his presence felt throughout the line, encouraging his men, heading bombing parties, leading bayonet charges, and conveying wounded to places of prophylactic.

His magnificent example inspired his men throughout.

Two men in military uniform shaking hands. Groups of men are in the background.

Major Murray is presented with a Bar to his DSO by General Birdwood.

In April 1917, the battalion relocated to Bullecourt in preparation for an attack on the Hindenburg Line. On the dark of xi April, seven battalions of the 4th Australian Sectionalisation assembled for the advance,[30] which was launched at 04:30.[32] Murray's visitor seized a section of German trench, but were quickly isolated.[30] By 07:00, ammunition was running depression and casualties were high. Murray sent for artillery support, but conflicting messages meant that it was not provided, so the Australians were forced to withdraw.[33] During the activeness, the 4th Division lost 2,339 of the iii,000 men that it had committed, with 1170 captured as prisoners of state of war.[34] Amid the dead was Percy Black, who had been killed while trying to find a gap in the barbwire surrounding the High german trenches.[35] Murray was awarded a Bar to his Distinguished Service Club for his efforts during the boxing,[36] and was promoted to temporary major.[37] He was later informed by Full general Birdwood that had the assault at Bullecourt been successful, he would have instead been awarded a Bar to his Victoria Cross.[38]

Western Forepart: April 1917 to repatriation, March 1920 [edit]

After Bullecourt, the fourth Brigade withdrew to Ribemont, where reinforcements brought it upward to strength. During this period, Murray oversaw musketry training before being granted convalescent exit to London in May. While in the capital, he was busy with his Victoria Cantankerous and Distinguished Service Order by King George V in Hyde Park on two June 1917.[39] Promoted major on 12 July, he rejoined his battalion subsequently in the calendar month, and during the 4th Brigade's accelerate to the Hindenburg Line over subsequent months, was involved in actions at Messines, Ploegstreert Wood, Menin Road, Polygon Forest, Broodseinde, Poelcappelle and Passchendaele.[forty] For his actions at Passchendaele, Murray garnered a mention in Field Marshal Sir Douglas Haig's dispatch of 7 November 1917.[41]

Following Passchendaele, the quaternary Brigade spent 3 months in reserve. Murray became second in command of the 13th Battalion, frequently bold temporary command of the unit of measurement while the commanding officer was absent. Granted leave to Paris from 12 January to 2 Feb 1918,[42] he was promoted to temporary lieutenant colonel on 15 March and assumed control of the fourth Machine Gun Battalion.[43] Commanding the unit of measurement during the German language bound offensive,[44] Murray's rank was confirmed on 24 May.[43]

On 25 June, Murray attended a briefing at 4th Divisional Headquarters to talk over a proposed attack on Hamel. Having submitted a plan for the apply of auto guns in the battle, five extra sections were attached to Murray's battalion. The battle commenced on 4 July, and over the flow of ii days, the fourth Machine Gun Battalion fired 373,000 rounds of small artillery ammunition, suffering 33 casualties.[45] On 3 August, he attended some other divisional conference regarding the planned set on nearly Amiens scheduled for 8 August. Lieutenant General John Monash'southward instructions called for several of the 4th Auto Gun Battalion'south companies to be moved forward past Mark V tanks, accompanying unlike units during the battle.[46] At the end of the three-day action, German General Erich Ludendorff described the Allied success equally "the black day of the German Army in this war".[xx]

A head and shoulders portrait of a man in military uniform.

Lieutenant Colonel Harry Murray c. 1920

From 23 September to 3 Oct 1918, Murray was seconded to the Headquarters of the Us Ii Corps equally a liaison officer with the 27th Division. The 27th Partition, along with the 30th Partition, had been attached to Lieutenant General Monash's Corps for the assault on the Bellicourt Tunnel of the Hindenburg Line.[47] During his service with the Americans, Murray was recommended for the United States' Distinguished Service Medal by the commander of the 27th, Major General John F. O'Ryan.[48] The Distinguished Service Medal is the highest non-valorous military and civilian decoration of the United states armed services, and in Full general O'Ryan's recommendation he stated that Murray'south "... noesis, action and fearlessness ... assisted materially in the control of the attacking forces".[48]

The battle alongside the Americans was Murray'south last of the war, as the Australians were placed in reserve in early October before the signing of the Armistice on 11 November 1918.[49] On 3 Jan 1919, Murray was awarded the French Croix de guerre[50] for his service as commander of the 4th Machine Gun Battalion from 23 March to 24 April and two–7 August 1918.[51] On 30 May 1919, he was awarded a Companion of the Guild of St Michael and St George[52] for his command of the 4th Auto Gun Battalion, the recommendation of which particularly citing his success during attacks on the Hindenburg Line.[53] Murray'south terminal award came on 11 July 1919, when he was Mentioned in Despatches for the fourth time,[54] having received his tertiary mention on 31 December 1918.[55]

From June to September 1919, Murray—along with fellow Australian Victoria Cantankerous recipient William Donovan Joynt—led parties of AIF members on a bout of the farming districts of United kingdom and Denmark to study agricultural methods under the education schemes.[34] After touring through France and Belgium, he left England on 19 November 1919 aboard the Orient Line ship, Ormonde, forth with Generals Birdwood and Monash. A month afterward, a big oversupply celebrated the arrival of the two generals and Murray at Victoria Quay in Fremantle.[56] Attempting to evade further fanfare, Murray quietly travelled to northern Tasmania and then to his sister's firm in Launceston.[57] He was discharged from the AIF on 9 March 1920.[43]

Between the wars [edit]

A group of eleven court mounted military medals are displayed in the top half, while a solitary twelfth (the CMG—worn around the neck) hangs below.

Murray's medal group on display at the Australian State of war Memorial, Canberra.

Afterward his discharge, Murray moved north, ownership a grazing property in south-eastern Queensland. On 13 October 1921, he married estate agent Constance Sophia Cameron at Bollon.[15] The union was an unhappy one, and the pair separated in 1925 when Murray went to New Zealand. On 11 November 1927, with Constance Murray every bit petitioner, a decree nisi with costs against Henry Murray was granted on the grounds of desertion. 9 days later, at the Auckland Registrar'south Office, Murray married Ellen Perdon "Nell" Cameron; Constance's niece.[58] The couple returned to Queensland, and in Apr 1928 Murray bought Glenlyon station, Richmond, a 74,000 acre (29,947 ha) grazing property, where he lived for the rest of his life.[xv]

The Murrays had two children. Their son Douglas, born in 1930, was named after Lieutenant Colonel Douglas Gray Marks, the commanding officer of the 13th Battalion from 1917 to 1918. In 1934, Nell gave birth to their second child, a girl named Clementine.[59] Betwixt 1929 and 1939, Murray wrote fifteen manufactures for Reveille, the mag of the New Due south Wales branch of the Returned Sailors and Soldiers Imperial League of Commonwealth of australia (RSL), detailing several of his experiences during the Get-go World War, and praising several of his comrades.[60]

Second World War and later on life [edit]

On 21 July 1939, with the 2nd World War looming, Murray volunteered for military service and was appointed every bit commanding officer of the 26th (Militia) Battalion, 11th Brigade, based in Townsville; he was mobilised for full-time service on 21 October 1941. Murray's second-in-control of the unit during this time was Major Edgar Towner, who had additionally been decorated with the Victoria Cross in 1918.[61] The 26th became a unit of the 2nd Australian Imperial Force in 1942, and in Baronial Murray was removed from his mail service past General Sir Thomas Blamey, Commander in Main Australian Military Forces, on the grounds of his advancing age. He was instead appointed to command the 23rd Queensland Regiment, Volunteer Defense Corps, which he led until his retirement from active duty on viii February 1944.[62] [63]

With the outbreak of the Korean State of war in 1950, wool prices soared and Murray earned a large income from wool sales, allowing him to regularly travel beyond Australia. Taking a trip to Brisbane in 1954, he met Queen Elizabeth II during her Majestic Bout of Commonwealth of australia. Despite rarely attending Anzac Day services or functions for Victoria Cross recipients, Murray and his wife travelled to London in 1956 to commemorate the centenary of the Victoria Cantankerous.[64] Following the ceremonies, the Murrays spent 5 weeks on a motor tour of England and Scotland, earlier visiting Switzerland and France. All the same, Murray refused to revisit the battlefields.[65]

Three stone grave markers on the ground.

On half dozen January 1966, Nell was driving the family car with Harry as a passenger; they were going to the south coast of Queensland for a holiday. A tyre blew out and the auto rolled on the Leichhardt Highway near Condamine. Murray was taken to Miles District Infirmary with broken ribs. He had suffered centre trouble for some time, and the shock of the accident is believed to have caused his death the following day. Murray was interred at Mountain Thompson Crematorium with full war machine honours later on a funeral service at St Andrew's Presbyterian Church, Brisbane.[66]

In February 2006, Governor-General Michael Jeffery unveiled a statue of Murray by sculptor Peter Corlett in Evandale, Tasmania. This tribute was facilitated by a small group of volunteers who raised A$85,000 in two years.[67] The Henry Murray ward at Hollywood Private Infirmary has been named in his honour.[68]

Notes [edit]

Footnotes
  1. ^ There has been much confusion over Murray's date of birth, which seems to have been caused by the human being himself. About publications claim his birth as i December 1884, which is the date he placed on his enlistment forms for the First Earth War and supplied to historian Charles Edible bean. Upon his enlistment for the Second World War, he gave his year of birth every bit 1885, and too placed differing years on his marriage certificates and the birth certificates for his children. Nonetheless, according to Franki & Slatyer 2003, p. 1 his nativity document states ane December 1880.
Citations
  1. ^ Arthur 2005, p. 264.
  2. ^ Franki & Slatyer 2003, p. 181.
  3. ^ Franki & Slatyer 2003, pp. iv–six.
  4. ^ Franki & Slatyer 2003, p. 184.
  5. ^ Franki & Slatyer 2003, p. 6.
  6. ^ Franki & Slatyer 2003, p. 7.
  7. ^ "Lieutenant Colonel Henry William (Harry) Murray, VC, CMG, DSO & bar, DCM". Who's who in Australian Military History. Australian War Memorial. Retrieved 6 August 2008.
  8. ^ Franki & Slatyer 2003, p. 8.
  9. ^ "16 Infantry Battalion" (PDF). First World War Embarkation Gyre. Australian War Memorial. Retrieved 6 August 2008.
  10. ^ Franki & Slatyer 2003, pp. ix–xi.
  11. ^ Franki & Slatyer 2003, pp. 11–12.
  12. ^ "16th Battalion". Australian armed forces units. Australian War Memorial. Retrieved half dozen August 2008.
  13. ^ Franki & Slatyer 2003, p. 17.
  14. ^ Franki & Slatyer 2003, p. 19.
  15. ^ a b c d e f g Lincoln, Merrilyn (1986). "Murray, Henry William (1880–1966)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. Melbourne University Printing. ISSN 1833-7538. Retrieved half dozen Baronial 2008 – via National Centre of Biography, Australian National University.
  16. ^ Macklin 2008, pp. 64–65.
  17. ^ Franki & Slatyer 2003, pp. 28–29.
  18. ^ "Recommendation for H Murray to be awarded the Distinguished Conduct Medal" (PDF). Recommendations: First World War. Australian War Memorial. Retrieved 6 September 2008.
  19. ^ Franki & Slatyer 2003, pp. 38–42.
  20. ^ a b "13th Battalion". Australian armed forces units. Australian War Memorial. Retrieved 6 August 2008.
  21. ^ Franki & Slatyer 2003, pp. 49–53.
  22. ^ "Recommendation for Henry William Murray to be awarded a Distinguished Service Order" (PDF). Recommendations: First Globe War. Australian War Memorial. Retrieved 6 Baronial 2008.
  23. ^ "No. 29824". The London Gazette (Supplement). 14 November 1916. p. 11043.
  24. ^ Franki & Slatyer 2003, p. 67.
  25. ^ Macklin 2008, p. 68.
  26. ^ Franki & Slatyer 2003, p. 69.
  27. ^ "No. 29890". The London Gazette (Supplement). 4 January 1917. p. 255.
  28. ^ Franki & Slatyer 2003, pp. 73–75.
  29. ^ a b Gliddon 2000, p. 5.
  30. ^ a b c d Staunton 2005, p. 67.
  31. ^ "No. 29978". The London Gazette (Supplement). x March 1917. p. 2451.
  32. ^ Franki & Slatyer 2003, p. 94.
  33. ^ Gliddon 2000, p. vii.
  34. ^ a b Staunton 2005, p. 68.
  35. ^ Macklin 2008, p. 77.
  36. ^ "No. 30135". The London Gazette (Supplement). 18 June 1917. p. 5980.
  37. ^ Gliddon 2000, p. 8.
  38. ^ Franki & Slatyer 2003, p. 104.
  39. ^ Franki & Slatyer 2003, pp. 109–113.
  40. ^ Franki & Slatyer 2003, pp. 116–119.
  41. ^ "No. 30448". The London Gazette (Supplement). 28 Dec 1917. p. 13566.
  42. ^ Franki & Slatyer 2003, pp. 121–122.
  43. ^ a b c "Timeline of Lieutenant Colonel Henry William (Harry) Murray, VC, CMG, DSO & bar, DCM". Australian War Memorial. Retrieved 7 August 2008.
  44. ^ Franki & Slatyer 2003, pp. 125–129.
  45. ^ Franki & Slatyer 2003, pp. 132–133.
  46. ^ Franki & Slatyer 2003, pp. 139–140.
  47. ^ Franki & Slatyer 2003, pp. 142–143.
  48. ^ a b "Recommendation for Lt Col. H. Murray to be awarded US Distinguished Service Medal" (PDF). Recommendations: Starting time World State of war. Australian War Memorial. Retrieved 7 August 2008.
  49. ^ Franki & Slatyer 2003, pp. 142–144.
  50. ^ "No. 31109". The London Gazette (Supplement). 7 January 1919. p. 314.
  51. ^ "Recommendation for Henry William Murray to exist awarded a Croix de Guerre; French republic" (PDF). Recommendations: Starting time World State of war. Australian State of war Memorial. Retrieved 7 Baronial 2008.
  52. ^ "No. 31370". The London Gazette (Supplement). 30 May 1919. p. 6793.
  53. ^ "Recommendation for Henry William Murray to be awarded a Companion of the Order of Saint Michael and Saint George" (PDF). Recommendations: First Earth State of war. Australian War Memorial. Retrieved 6 September 2008.
  54. ^ "No. 31448". The London Gazette (Supplement). 11 July 1919. p. 8833.
  55. ^ "No. 31089". The London Gazette (Supplement). 31 December 1918. p. 15229.
  56. ^ "Arrival at Fremantle". The Daily News (Perth, WA : 1882–1950) (Tertiary ed.). Perth: National Library of Commonwealth of australia. 19 Dec 1919. p. 5. Retrieved 22 August 2013.
  57. ^ Franki & Slatyer 2003, pp. 150–151.
  58. ^ Franki & Slatyer 2003, p. 155.
  59. ^ Franki & Slatyer 2003, pp. 156–157.
  60. ^ Franki & Slatyer 2003, pp. 161–163.
  61. ^ Franki & Slatyer 2003, pp. 164–165.
  62. ^ Franki & Slatyer 2003, pp. 168–169.
  63. ^ "Murray, Henry William". World War Ii Nominal Gyre. Republic of Australia. Retrieved 7 August 2008.
  64. ^ Franki & Slatyer 2003, pp. 171–173.
  65. ^ Franki & Slatyer 2003, p. 177.
  66. ^ Franki & Slatyer 2003, p. 178.
  67. ^ Michael Harris. "Memorial Unveiled". Army – The Soldier'south Paper. Archived from the original on 25 August 2009. Retrieved 7 August 2008.
  68. ^ "A history of Caring". Hollywood Private Hospital. Archived from the original on 25 Baronial 2009. Retrieved 5 March 2009.

References [edit]

  • Arthur, Max (2005). Symbol of Courage: The Men Behind the Medal. Chatham, Kent, U.k.: Pan Books. ISBN0-330-49133-four.
  • Franki, George; Slatyer, Clyde (2003). Mad Harry: Australia's Most Decorated Soldier. Sydney, New S Wales, Commonwealth of australia: Kangaroo Press. ISBN0-7318-1188-7.
  • Gliddon, Gerald (2000). Arras & Messines 1917. VCs of the Starting time World War. Sparkford, England: Wrens Park Publishing. ISBN0-905778-61-eight.
  • Macklin, Robert (2008). Bravest: How Some of Commonwealth of australia's War Heroes Won Their Medals. Crows Nest, New S Wales, Commonwealth of australia: Allen & Unwin. ISBN978-1-74114-882-4.
  • Staunton, Anthony (2005). Victoria Cross: Commonwealth of australia's Finest and the Battles they Fought. Prahran, Victoria, Australia: Hardie Grant Books. ISBNane-74066-288-1.

Further reading [edit]

  • Hatwell, Jeff (2005). No Ordinary Determination: Percy Black and Harry Murray of the First AIF. Fremantle, Western Australia: Fremantle Arts Center Printing. ISBN1-920731-41-5.

External links [edit]

  • "Henry William MURRAY". The AIF Project. Australian Defence force Force Academy. Retrieved 6 August 2008.
  • "Mad Harry Murray". Fifty Australians. Australian War Memorial. Retrieved 7 August 2008.

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Murray

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